math and console

math

Constants ✅

math.pi     3.141592653589793
math.e      2.718281828459045
math.tau    6.283185307179586

These fold to their literal value at compile time, so they cost nothing at runtime:

private turns: num = math.pi * 2;
motion.forward(10 * math.pi);

Functions ✅

operator_mathop is Scratch’s one-block maths menu, and math wraps it twice: the raw math.op, plus a named builds procedure per operation that inlines to the same block.

math.op(op: MathOp, value: num) -> num     ✅   # operator_mathop

math.abs(value: num)   -> num    ✅        math.ln(value: num)   -> num    ✅
math.floor(value: num) -> num    ✅        math.log(value: num)  -> num    ✅
math.ceil(value: num)  -> num    ✅        math.epow(value: num) -> num    ✅   # e ^ value
math.sqrt(value: num)  -> num    ✅

math.sin(value: num)  -> num    ✅         math.asin(value: num) -> num    ✅
math.cos(value: num)  -> num    ✅         math.acos(value: num) -> num    ✅
math.tan(value: num)  -> num    ✅         math.atan(value: num) -> num    ✅

private root: num = math.sqrt(16);
private steps: num = math.floor(distance / 10);
private same: num = math.op(math.MathOp.SQRT, 16);   # identical output

Trigonometry is in degrees, as everywhere in Scratch.

MathOp

Member	Value		Member	Value
MathOp.ABS	"abs"		MathOp.ASIN	"asin"
MathOp.FLOOR	"floor"		MathOp.ACOS	"acos"
MathOp.CEIL	"ceiling"		MathOp.ATAN	"atan"
MathOp.SQRT	"sqrt"		MathOp.LN	"ln"
MathOp.SIN	"sin"		MathOp.LOG	"log"
MathOp.COS	"cos"		MathOp.EPOW	"e ^"
MathOp.TAN	"tan"

Reach it through the namespace — math.MathOp.SQRT. A matching literal works too: math.op("sqrt", 16).

There is no math.pow ⛔

math.pow was removed from the stdlib; math.pow(2, 3) is now a check error, Namespace ‘math’ has no member ‘pow’. The ** operator still parses and is worse — it lowers silently to an empty literal, so you get a wrong answer with no error at all. See Known gaps.

For a whole-number exponent, write the loop:

proc pow(base: num, exp: num) -> num {
    private result: num = 1;
    for (i, exp) {
        result = result * base;
    }
    return result;
}

For a fractional one, go through the natural log — this is exactly what the removed pow body did:

private half: num = math.epow(0.5 * math.ln(16));    # 16 ** 0.5 -> 4

That is undefined for a negative base, so guard it if the base can go below zero.

What is missing

No random, min, max, or round. Scratch has blocks for all of them; the stdlib has not wrapped them. Bind the opcodes directly:

proc random(@opcode = "operator_random", from: num, to: num) -> num {}
proc round(@opcode = "operator_round", value: num) -> num {}

private roll: num = random(1, 6);

console

Danger

The whole console namespace is unimplemented. log, warn and error resolve to katnip_* opcodes with no codegen; input is a yields procedure with no lowering. All four type-check and then fail the build.

You will see console.log in several example files. Those examples do not build.

console.log(msg: str) -> void       ⛔
console.warn(msg: str) -> void      ⛔
console.error(msg: str) -> void     ⛔
console.input(prompt: str) -> str   ⛔

What to use instead

For output, say it:

looks.say(f"score is {score}", 1);

Or keep a log list, which persists and is scrollable:

public logLines: list<str> = [];

proc log(msg: str) -> void {
    logLines.add(msg);
    logLines.show();
}

For input, use the sensing pair that console.input was meant to wrap:

sensing.ask("What is your name?");
private name: str = sensing.answer();
looks.say(f"Welcome, {name}!", 2);

console.input cannot work until yields procedures are lowered, because it has to both run a blocking block and produce a value — the two-call form does that explicitly.